Capsular endoscope

ABSTRACT

According to the present invention, a capsular endoscope having at least an image pickup optical system, an illumination unit, an image pickup portion, and a circuit board comprises a marker shooting unit that indwells a marker member in a body cavity. Consequently, a predetermined marker is indwelled in a desired region such as a lesion discovered using the capsular endoscope so that the region can be readily rediscovered during reexamination.

This application claims the benefit of Japanese Application No.2003-286091 filed on Aug. 4, 2003, the contents of which areincorporated by this reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a capsular endoscope, or moreparticularly, to a capsular endoscope having an image pickup opticalsystem, image pickup means, and others integrated into a substantiallycapsule-shaped housing.

2. Description of the Related Art

In the past, endoscope systems have been used in practice and widelyadopted for examination or the like of, for example, body cavities. Theendoscope system comprises a tubular insertional unit having an imagepickup device incorporated in the distal part thereof, an operating unitcoupled to the insertional unit, and various pieces of equipmentconnected to the operating unit including an image processing unit, adisplay device, and a light source unit or the like. The insertionalunit is inserted into a body cavity through a subject's oral cavity orthe like in order to observe a desired region in the body cavity. In theconventional endoscope device, a range that can be observed or examinedis limited due to restrictions including a restriction on the length ofthe insertional unit to be inserted into a body cavity.

In recent years, various proposals have been made of a capsularendoscope system comprising: a so-called capsular endoscope that is acompact endoscope having image pickup means which includes an imagepickup optical system, illuminating means, communicating means, andpower receiving means or a power supply incorporated in a capsule-shapedhousing; communicating means for communicating with the capsularendoscope by radio; recording means for recording a received signal; anddisplay ay means for displaying the received signal on a CRT or an LCDor the like.

When a conventional capsular endoscope is used to examine anintracavitary region, if a lesion or the like is discovered in thesubject's body cavity, close examination may be performed using ageneral-purpose endoscope or the like or predetermined treatment may beperformed in addition to the close examination.

In such a case, if accurate positional information representing theposition of the lesion discovered through the preceding examinationperformed using the capsular endoscope were acquired, the lesion wouldbe easily rediscovered during the close examination such as endoscopicexamination to be performed later.

Accordingly, various proposals have been made of means for detecting theposition of a conventionally proposed capsular endoscope that has beeninserted into a body cavity for the purpose of examination anddiagnosis. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2001-46357 has proposed such means.

In a capsular endoscope system disclosed in the Japanese UnexaminedPatent Application Publication No. 2001-46357, position detecting meansfor detecting the position of the capsular endoscope that has beeninserted into a body cavity is incorporated in an external receivingdevice. The position detecting means receives a predetermined signaloriginating from the capsular endoscope lying in the body cavity, andacquires information on the position of the capsular endoscope in thebody cavity on the basis of the strength of the predetermined signal.

However, the position detecting means disclosed in the JapaneseUnexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2001-46357 cannotpresumably detect the position with satisfactory precision because thesignal sent from the capsular endoscope lying in a body cavity isfeeble.

Consequently, when close examination or the like is performed later, anoperator has to perform labor-intensive work of rediscovering a lesionthat is an object of examination and that has been discovered throughthe previous examination performed using the capsular endoscope.

As mentioned above, when the capsular endoscope is used for examination,if positional information on a lesion discovered through the examinationis acquired, the positional information will prove quite helpful.Provision of high-precision positional information is thereforedemanded.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the present invention, a capsular endoscope comprises atleast an image pickup optical system, illuminating means, image pickupmeans, and a circuit board. The capsular endoscope further comprisesmarking means for indwelling a marker member in a body cavity.

The advantages of the present invention will be apparent from thedescription made below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure of a capsular endoscope inaccordance with a first embodiment of the present invention and theconfiguration of a capsular endoscope system including the capsularendoscope;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing in enlargement a mainportion of the capsular endoscope shown in FIG. 1 including an imagepickup optical system, image pickup means, and a circuit board;

FIG. 3A to FIG. 3F schematically show a process of manufacturing theimage pickup means included in the capsular endoscope shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 schematically shows the structure of a capsular endoscope inaccordance with a second embodiment of the present invention and theconfiguration of a capsular endoscope system including the capsularendoscope;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view showing a main portion of thecapsular endoscope shown in FIG. 4 including the distal part thereof;

FIG. 6 schematically shows the structure of a main capsule that is oneportion of a capsular endoscope in accordance with a third embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 7 schematically shows the structure of a power capsule that is theother portion of the capsular endoscope in accordance with the thirdembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 schematically shows the use state of the capsular endoscope inaccordance with the third embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 9 schematically shows a main capsule included in a capsularendoscope in accordance with a variant of the third embodiment of thepresent invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A capsular endoscope in accordance with a first embodiment of thepresent invention and a capsular endoscope system including the capsularendoscope will be outlined in conjunction with FIG. 1 schematicallyshowing the structure of the capsular endoscope. FIG. 1 shows a sectionof the capsular endoscope so as to present the internal components.

A capsular endoscope system 1 including the first embodiment comprises,as shown in FIG. 1, a capsular endoscope 10 that has various membersincorporated in a capsule-like housing, and an external controller 21including control means for externally controlling the capsularendoscope 10.

In addition to the control means, the external controller 21 includes:communicating means via which the external controller communicates withthe capsular endoscope 10; power feeding means for feeding power, whichis required by the internal electric circuits of the capsular endoscope10, by radio; recording means for receiving and recording an imagesignal acquired by the capsular endoscope 10; and display means (notshown) on which an image is displayed according to the image signalacquired by the capsular endoscope 10.

Power required by the internal electric circuits of the capsularendoscope 10 is, as mentioned above, fed by radio from the externalcontroller 21. The external controller 21 therefore includespredetermined power feeding means. Accordingly, the capsular endoscope10 includes a communication/power reception unit 19 that is the mate tothe power feeding means.

The capsular endoscope 10 comprises: a housing 16 that is an armormember that seals the interior of the housing in a liquid-tight manner;illuminating means 15 including various members incorporated in thehousing 16, light emitting sources 15 a formed with light emittingdiodes (LED) or the like for illuminating an object such as any of thealimentary organs in a body cavity, and a light emitting source mountingsubstrate 15 b on which the electric circuits for driving or controllingthe light emitting sources 15 a are mounted; an image pickup opticalsystem 11 including a group of lenses 11 a that forms an optical imageof the object illuminated by the illuminating means 15 and a lens barrel11 b that holds the group of lenses 11 a; image pickup means 12 formedwith an image pickup device that receives the optical image of theobject formed by the image pickup optical system 11 and that performspredetermined photoelectric conversion so as to produce an image signal;a circuit board 13 including a plurality of substrates 13 a and 13 b onwhich an electric circuit for performing various kinds of signalprocessing (image signal processing and communication) on the imagesignal received from the image pickup means 12, a control circuit forcontrolling the internal electric circuits of the capsular endoscope 10on a centralized basis, and other circuits are mounted; a flexibleprinted-circuit board (FPC) 14 that electrically links the plurality ofsubstrates included in the circuit board 13 and the substrates and acommunication/power reception unit 19 that will be described later; amarker shooting unit 17 (marking means) (which will be detailed later);and posture sensing means 18 mounted on the circuit board 13 for thepurpose of sensing the posture of the capsular endoscope 10.

The housing 16 of the capsular endoscope 10 is formed with a rigidmember made of, for example, a resin. The housing has: a transparentwindow 16 a which shields and protects the front part of the capsularendoscope 10 and through which illumination luminous flux emanating fromthe illuminating means 15 or luminous flux incident on the image pickupoptical system 11 pass; and a main body 16 b that is a main portion ofthe housing 16 and that encloses and protects various internal members.

The image pickup optical system 11 includes the group of lenses 11 a andthe lens barrel 11 b that holds the group of lenses 11 a. The imagepickup means 12 is mounted on the mounting surface of the predeterminedsubstrate 13 a included in the circuit board 13 located at apredetermined position behind the image pickup optical system 11.

The image pickup means 12 is, as mentioned above, located at thepredetermined position behind the image pickup optical system 11. Theimage pickup means 12 comprises an image pickup device such as a CCD orCMOS that receives an optical image of an object transmitted and formedby the image pickup optical system 11 and performs photoelectricconversion, and an electric circuit that includes a plurality ofelectric parts and drives the image pickup device to performpredetermined signal processing. The electric circuit and image pickupdevice are mounted on the predetermined substrate 13 a included in thecircuit board 13.

Consequently, the illuminating means 15 illuminates an object. Luminousflux reflected from the object is concentrated on the image pickupoptical system 11 and transmitted thereby. Thereafter, an optical imageof the object is formed on the light receiving surface of the imagepickup device included in the image pickup means 12.

The image pickup means 12 performs predetermined signal processing suchas photoelectric conversion on the received optical image of the objectformed by the image pickup optical system 11, and produces an electricsignal (image signal) representing the optical image of the object.

The circuit board 13 comprises, as mentioned above, the plurality ofsubstrates 13 a and 13 b. For example, electric circuits for performingvarious kinds of image signal processing, driving and controlling, andsignal communication, and a control circuit for controlling the entirecapsular endoscope 10 are mounted on the circuit board 13. Each of theelectric circuits is realized with, for example, one semiconductor chip.

Now, the detailed structures of the image pickup means 12 and circuitboard 13 will be described below.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing the main portion of thecapsular endoscope of the present embodiment including the image pickupoptical system, image pickup means, and circuit board. Moreover, FIG. 3Ato FIG. 3F schematically show a process of manufacturing the imagepickup means. FIG. 3F shows the state of a section of the image pickupmeans attained at the completion of the process of manufacturing theimage pickup means.

The image pickup means 12 is, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3F, made byjoining a glass member 12 a and an image pickup device (hereinafter animage sensor) 12 c. In this case, the glass member 12 a is attached tothe front side of the image sensor 12 c, that is, the side of the imagesensor that faces the image pickup optical system 11 and that forms theimage pickup surface.

Electrodes formed on the front side of the image sensor 12 c (a junctionbetween the image sensor and glass member 12 a) cannot be connected toan external component. In order to connect the electrodes on the frontside of the image sensor 12 to a component located behind the rear sideof the image sensor 12, the image sensor 12 c is provided withpenetrating electrodes 12 d and projecting electrodes (bumps) 12 e.Namely, the electrodes on the front side of the image sensor 12 areconnected to a component located behind the rear side thereof via thepenetrating electrodes 12 d and projecting electrodes 12 e.

The penetrating electrodes 12 d are realized with very small borespenetrating through the image sensor 12 c, and the same number ofpenetrating electrodes as the number of electrodes is formed. Theprojecting electrodes 12 e are associated with the penetratingelectrodes 12 d, and are simultaneously formed on a wafer throughplating (will be detailed later).

Moreover, the glass member 12 a has a concave part formed on the sidethereof facing the image sensor 12 c. The concave part is intended tohermetically seal the surface of the image sensor 12 c when the glassmember 12 a and image sensor 12 c are joined. Consequently, when theglass member 12 a and image sensor 12 c are joined, an air layer 12 b isformed in a predetermined field between them (see FIG. 2 and FIG. 3F).

The image pickup means 12 having the foregoing structure is manufacturedaccording to a process described below.

To begin with, a reinforcement member 100 is, as shown in FIG. 3B,temporarily bonded to an image sensor wafer 12 cc, which is a rawmaterial as shown in FIG. 3A, using a temporary bonding member 101 suchas a predetermined adhesive.

Thereafter, the image sensor wafer 12 cc shown in FIG. 3B is polished tohave a predetermined thickness using a predetermined machine tool or thelike. This results in the state shown in FIG. 3C.

The polishing changes the state of the image sensor wafer 12 cc into astate like a very thin film. In this state, it is hard to performvarious kinds of machining on the image sensor wafer 12 cc.

For this reason, the reinforcement member 100 is bonded to the thin-filmimage sensor wafer 12 cc in order to reinforce the image sensor wafer 12cc for fear the image sensor wafer 12 cc may be broken during machining.

The predetermined number of penetrating electrodes 12 d is formed atpredetermined positions in the image sensor wafer 12 cc (having aspecified thickness) in the state shown in FIG. 3C. This brings theimage sensor 12 c to the state shown in FIG. 3D. For formation of thepenetrating electrodes 12 d, for example, a dry etching technique isadopted.

Thereafter, the projecting electrodes 12 e are simultaneously formedover the penetrating electrodes 12 d in the image sensor 12 c shown inFIG. 3D by performing plating or the like. This brings the image sensor12 c to the state shown in FIG. 3E.

The reinforcement member 100 and temporary bonding member 101 areremoved from the image sensor in the state shown in FIG. 3E. Thereafter,the glass member 12 a is bonded to the predetermined side (front side)of the image sensor 12 c. This results in the state shown in FIG. 3F.The side of the glass member 12 a having the concave part is opposed tothe front side (image pickup surface) of the image sensor 12 c.Consequently, the air layer 12 b is formed in the predetermined fieldbetween the glass member 12 a and image sensor 12 c. This is the stateattained when the manufacture of the image pickup means 12 is completed,that is, the state shown in FIG. 3F. The image pickup means 12 ismounted on the substrate 13 a included in the circuit board 13.

The substrates 13 a and 13 b constituting the circuit board 13 have, asshown in FIG. 2, for example, an inductor 13 aa, an integrated circuit(IC) 13 ab, a thin film resistor 13 ba, and a capacitor 13 bb embeddedtherein.

Referring back to FIG. 1, the posture sensing means 18 is mounted on thesubstrate 13 b that is included in the circuit board 13 and that islocated substantially in the center of the capsular endoscope 10. Theposture sensing means 18 is realized with a gyroscope or the like forsensing the three-dimensional posture of the capsular endoscope 10 thatis inserted into a body cavity and put to use. Based on data detected bythe posture sensing means 18, the posture of the capsular endoscope 10is controlled.

Moreover, the communication/power reception unit 19 is, as mentionedabove, disposed at a predetermined position near one end of the capsularendoscope 10 within the capsular endoscope 10. The communication/powerreception unit 19 fills the role of means via which the capsularendoscope 10 communicates with the external controller 21, and alsofills the role of means for receiving power from the external controller21.

Specifically, the communication/power reception unit 19 comprises:radio-communication means realized with an antenna member or the likevia which various communication signals are transferred between thecapsular endoscope 10 being used in, for example, a body cavity and theexternal controller 21 located outside the body cavity or via which animage signal representing an object and being acquired by the capsularendoscope 10 is transmitted to the external controller 21; and powerreceiving means for receiving power fed by radio from the externalcontroller 21 and distributing the power to the internal electriccircuits of the capsular endoscope 10.

The communication/power reception unit 19 comprises, for example, anelectric double-layer capacitor (so-called super capacitor), anon-directional antenna, a voltage controlled oscillator (communicatingmeans), a regulator, and a power receiving antenna (power receivingmeans).

The illuminating means 15 comprises the light emitting sources 15 arealized with a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) forilluminating an object, and the light emitting source mounting substrate15 b on which the light emitting sources 15 a are mounted and on whichan electric circuit for driving or controlling the light emittingsources 15 a is also mounted.

To be more specific, the plurality of light emitting sources 15 a islocated near the periphery of the lens barrel 11 b of the image pickupoptical system 11. The plurality of light emitting diodes realizing therespective light emitting sources 15 a is disposed so that predeterminedluminous flux will be emitted to the front side of the capsularendoscope 10.

Moreover, the marker shooting unit 17 serving as marking means thatshoots a predetermined marker member 20 (which will be detailed) so asto indwell it in a body cavity is located at a predetermined position inthe capsular endoscope 10. The marker shooting unit 17 comprises anozzle 17 a, a reservoir 17 c, and the marker member 20 poured into thereservoir 17 c.

The reservoir 17 c is located behind the light emitting source mountingsubstrate 15 b within the housing 16 of the capsular endoscope 10, or inother words, is located substantially in the center of the capsularendoscope 10. The reservoir 17 c is filled with the marker member 20that is pressurized in advance. The marker member 20 is shot to adhereto any region in a body cavity for the purpose of marking a lesion orthe like.

As the marker member 20, for example, a fluorescent substance, asubstance opaque to X-rays, or a dye that is a liquid is adopted. Meansfor pressurizing the marker member 20 pressurizes the marker member 20in advance by utilizing, for example, an electromagnetic force or anelectrostatic force.

The nozzle 17 a is realized with a tubular member whose diameter is verysmall. The nozzle 17 a extends from a predetermined portion of thereservoir 17 c through the light emitting source mounting substrate 15 bto the transparent window 16 a of the housing 16. The distal part of thenozzle 17 a lies at a predetermined position near the transparent window16 a so that it will not jut out of the external surface of thetransparent window 16 a. Moreover, the distal part of the nozzle 17 a isdisposed to fall within the field of view offered by the image pickupoptical system 11.

A valve 17 b is disposed in a predetermined portion of the nozzle 17 a(near the reservoir 17 c). The valve 17 b is realized with apiezoelectric valve that opens or closes due to the piezoelectriceffect, a pneumatic valve that opens or closes with air pressure, or anelectromagnetic valve that utilizes electromagnetism. Consequently, thereservoir 17 c and nozzle 17 a freely communicate with each other byopening the valve 17 b.

When the valve 17 b is opened, the marker member 20 in the reservoir 17c is shot to a target object such as a target lesion, which is locatedexternally ahead of the capsular endoscope 10, over the nozzle 17 a dueto the internal pressure of the reservoir 17 c.

Controlling shooting of the marker member 20 to be achieved by openingor closing the valve 17 b is executed remotely using the externalcontroller 21. Namely, an operator of the system 1 manipulates apredetermined manipulation member of the external controller 21, wherebythe shooting is controlled. The marker shooting unit 17 serves asshooting means for shooting the marker member 20.

On the other hand, the external controller 21 comprises: as mentionedpreviously, the control means that is used mainly to externally controlthe capsular endoscope 10 and that controls the entire system on acentralized manner; image processing means for receiving an image signalor the like that is acquired by the capsular endoscope 10 andtransmitted by radio from the radio-communication means included in thecapsular endoscope 10, and performing predetermined signal processing;communicating means via which the external controller 21 communicateswith the capsular endoscope 10; recording means for recording thereceived image signal; display means on which a discernible image isdisplayed according to the image signal having undergone thepredetermined signal processing; and power feeding means for feedingrequired power to the capsular endoscope 10 by radio.

As the display means, for example, a cathode-ray tube (CRT) type displaydevice, a liquid crystal display device, a plasma display device, anelectroluminescent display device, or any other typical display deviceis adopted.

The operation of the capsular endoscope 10 having the foregoingcomponents and the operation of the capsular endoscope system 1including the capsular endoscope 10 will be described below.

To begin with, the capsular endoscope 10 inserted into a body cavityacquires an image signal representing a desired object, performspredetermined processing on the image signal, and transmits theresultant signal to the external controller 21 via thecommunication/power reception unit 19. The concrete process will bedescribed below.

In order to perform examination using the capsular endoscope 10, first,a subject is asked to gulp down the capsular endoscope 10.

The capsular endoscope 10 advances along a body cavity due to theperistalsis of each of the subject's intracavitary organs orpredetermined moving means, and duly reaches a target region (near anobject) whose observation and examination is desired. At this time, theexternal controller 21 starts feeding power to the capsular endoscope10.

The timing of feeding power from the external controller 21 to thecapsular endoscope 10 is not limited to the above one. Alternatively,the feeding of power may be started immediately before a subject gulpsdown the capsular endoscope 10 or may be started according to any othertiming.

When the capsular endoscope 10 is activated with the power received fromthe external controller 21, the illuminating means 15 is turned on atthe same time. The capsular endoscope 10 moves while the illuminatingmeans 15 is illuminating the interior of the body cavity. At this time,the image pickup optical system 11 forms an intracavitary optical imageon the light receiving surface of the image pickup means 12.

The image pickup means 12 in turn performs predetermined photoelectricconversion. An electric signal (image signal) representing an imageequivalent to the optical image of the object is produced through thephotoelectric conversion. The image signal is transmitted to apredetermined device mounted on the circuit board 13 over the flexibleprinted-circuit board 14, and then subjected to various kinds of signalprocessing.

The resultant image signal representing the object image is transmittedto the external controller 21 via the communication/power reception unit19. The external controller 21 in turn performs predetermined processingon the received image signal. Thereafter, an electric signal of apredetermined form that can be handled by the recording means or displaymeans included in the external controller, that is, a recording imagesignal suitable for recording or a display image signal suitable fordisplay is transmitted to the recording means or display means.

Specifically, the image signal of the object is converted into therecording image signal of a predetermined form suitable for recording,transferred to the recording means, and then recorded in a predeterminedrecording field on a predetermined recording medium (not shown butincluded in the recording means). Moreover, the image signal is alsoconverted into the display image signal of a predetermined form suitablefor display, transferred to a display device, and displayed as adiscernible image using a display unit of the display device.

Consequently, the image of the object displayed on the display unit ofthe display device is viewed in order to examine and diagnose theobject.

When the capsular endoscope 10 inserted into the body cavity asmentioned above stays near the region (object) desired to be observedand examined, the operator of the system 1 manipulates the externalcontroller 21 so as to actuate the marker shooting unit 17 incorporatedin the capsular endoscope 10, and thus controls shooting of the markermember 20.

At this time, since the nozzle 17 a of the marker shooting unit 17 fallswithin the field of view offered by the image pickup optical system 11,at least the distal part of the nozzle 17 a is visualized together withthe object by means of the display unit (not shown) of the displaydevice included in the external controller 21. Therefore, the operatormanipulates the marker shooting unit 17 so as to shoot the marker member20 while viewing the image of the object that is a target to be markedwith the marker member 20, and the image of the nozzle 17 a alike.

Consequently, a predetermined amount of the marker member 20 is shotfrom the marker shooting unit 17. The marker member 20 is indwelled inthe desired target region in the body cavity. Thus, the object such as alesion is marked.

The shooting should be performed at least once during one examination.Alternatively, the shooting may be performed a plurality of times.

As described above, the first embodiment includes the marker shootingunit 17 serving as marking means. While the image pickup means 12 isused to observe the inside of a body cavity, the marker member 20 isindwelled in an object that is a desired region, for example, a lesionin order to mark the object. Therefore, after the capsular endoscope 10is used for examination, when another examination is performed, theobject such as a previously discovered lesion can be rediscoveredreadily.

In this case, assuming that a dye is adopted as the marker member 20,when examination is performed later, for example, when close examinationis performed using an ordinary endoscope or the like, the region (objectsuch as a lesion) in which the marker member 20 is indwelled can berediscovered readily.

Moreover, assuming that a fluorescent substance is adopted as the markermember 20, the lesion or the like can be readily rediscovered byperforming fluorescent observation.

Assuming that a substance opaque to X-rays is adopted as the markermember 20, after examination is performed using the capsular endoscope10, radiographic examination is carried out in order to extracorporeallyaccurately grasp the position of a region such as a lesion.

Moreover, since the nozzle 17 a of the marker shooting unit 17 fallswithin the field of view offered by the image pickup optical system 11,the distal part of the nozzle 17 a and an object can be simultaneouslyvisualized using the display unit (not shown) of the display deviceincluded in the external controller 21. Consequently, shooting isperformed readily using the marker shooting unit 17.

According to the first embodiment, the reservoir 17 c is, as shown inFIG. 1, fixed at a predetermined position in the capsular endoscope 10.If this structure is adopted, the same number of types of capsularendoscopes 10 as the number of kinds of marker materials 20 to be pouredinto the reservoir 17 c must be made available. A desired capsularendoscope 10 would be selected from among the plurality of types ofcapsular endoscopes 10 according to the examination to be performed.

Otherwise, for example, the reservoir 17 c may be formed as a unit sothat it can be freely attached or detached to or from the capsularendoscope 10.

In this case, when the use of the capsular endoscope 10 is started, areservoir unit filled with a desired marker member 20 suitable for anintended examination is selected, and attached to the capsular endoscope10.

Namely, in this case, the main body structure of the capsular endoscope10 is used in common, and the reservoir unit alone is selectedarbitrarily and attached to the main body of the capsular endoscope 10.Thus, the marker member 20 suitable for the desired examination can beselected accordingly.

Consequently, a system enabling efficient management of resources can beconfigured. Moreover, talking of manufacture, only reservoir unitsshould be manufactured and managed in association with the kinds ofmarker member 20. This leads to an efficient manufacturing process andcontributes to reduction of the cost of manufacture.

According to the first embodiment, as a method of feeding power to thecapsular endoscope 10, an externally power feeding method using thecommunication/power reception unit 19 that receives power fed from theexternal controller 21 by radio is adopted. Alternatively, any otherdifferent power feeding method, for example, a built-in power supplymethod in which a source battery composed of primary or secondary cellsis incorporated in the capsular endoscope 10 may be adopted for thecapsular endoscope 10.

In this case, the power feeding means need not be included in theexternal controller 21. A communication unit equivalent to thecommunication/power reception unit 19 that has power receiving meansremoved therefrom is adapted to the capsular endoscope 10.

Although the usable time during which the capsular endoscope is usabledepends on the battery capacity, the internal electric circuitry of thecapsular endoscope can be simplified. This contributes to reduction ofthe cost of manufacture.

According to the first embodiment, the marker member 20 with which anobject and its surroundings are marked is poured into the reservoir 17 cincluded in the marker shooting unit 17. Instead of the marker member20, an agent for medical or therapeutic treatment that acts on a lesionor the like may be poured into the reservoir 17 c.

In this case, the capsular endoscope 10 is used to acquire an opticalimage and a reconstructed image is displayed, whereby visual examinationis carried out. Moreover, if a lesion is discovered during theexamination, the marker shooting unit 17 is used to shoot the agent.Thus, simple therapeutic or medical treatment can be achieved.

On the other hand, according to the first embodiment, a liquid member isshot as the marker member 20 to an object. The marker member 20 is notlimited to the liquid member. Alternatively, the marker member 20 maybe, for example, like the one employed in a second embodiment of thepresent invention shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5.

FIG. 4 schematically shows the structure of a capsular endoscope inaccordance with the second embodiment of the present invention and theconfiguration of a capsular endoscope system including the capsularendoscope. FIG. 4 shows a section of the capsular endoscope to presentthe internal components thereof. FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional viewshowing a main portion of the capsular endoscope 10 including the distalpart thereof, wherein a solid marker member is shot from the capsularendoscope in order to mark a desired object.

The present embodiment has, as shown in FIG. 4, substantially the samecomponents as the aforesaid first embodiment does. A marker shootingunit incorporated in the capsular endoscope is a bit different from theone included in the first embodiment. Therefore, the same referencenumerals will be assigned to the components of the present embodimentidentical to those of the first embodiment, and the description of theidentical components will be omitted. Different components alone will bedescribed in conjunction with FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 below.

A marker shooting unit 17A included in the present embodiment isdesigned to shoot a marker member 17Ad formed with a clip-like solid.The marker shooting unit 17A comprises a cylindrical shooting pipe 17Aaand a constraining member 17Ae such as a spring for shooting the markermaterial 17Ad.

A plurality of marker members 17Ad is incorporated in the shooting pipe17Aa. A predetermined mechanism is constructed so that the constrainingmember 17Ae can shoot the marker members 17Ad to outside at any time.

The marker members 17Ad are members formed with, as mentioned above,clip-like solids, for example, metallic members. When the marker members17Ad are incorporated in the shooting pipe 17Aa, they have asubstantially particulate shape as shown in FIG. 4. When the markermembers 17Ad are shot at any time, a needle-like portion 17Add is, asshown in FIG. 5, jutted substantially out of the distal end of each ofthe marker members. The needle-like portion 17Add pieces an object 103and is thus indwelled in the region.

The other components are identical to those of the first embodiment. Theoperation of the present invention is substantially identical to that ofthe first embodiment except the working of the marker members 17Ad to beshot from the marker shooting unit 17A.

As mentioned above, according to the second embodiment, the sameadvantages as those of the first embodiment can be provided.

Moreover, according to the present embodiment, the solid marker members17Ad formed with metallic members or the like are indwelled in a desiredintracavitary region. After examination is performed using the capsularendoscope 10A, if radiographic examination is carried out, the positionof a lesion or the like can be accurately extracorporeally grasped.

Next, a capsular endoscope in accordance with a third embodiment of thepresent invention and a capsular endoscope system will be describedbelow.

FIG. 6 to FIG. 8 show the capsular endoscope in accordance with thepresent embodiment. FIG. 6 schematically shows a main capsule that ispart of the capsular endoscope. FIG. 7 schematically shows a powercapsule that is other part of the capsular endoscope. FIG. 8 shows theuse state of the capsular endoscope in which the main capsule shown inFIG. 6 and the power capsule shown in FIG. 7 are coupled to each other.

A capsular endoscope 10B in accordance with the present embodimentcomprises two capsular housings, that is, as shown in FIG. 6, a maincapsule 10Ba accommodating major members that include image pickupmeans, and a power capsule 10Bb accommodating members that constitutepower supply means and include a source battery as shown in FIG. 7. Thetwo separate capsules (main capsule 10Ba and power capsule 10Bb) arecoupled to each other using predetermined coupling means (that will bedetailed later). When the two capsules are coupled to each other, theyfunction as the capsular endoscope 10B.

The same reference numerals will be assigned to the internal componentsof the capsular endoscope 10B in accordance with the present inventionwhich have the same capabilities as those of the capsular endoscope 10in accordance with the first embodiment. The description of theidentical components will be omitted. FIG. 8 shows, as mentioned above,the main capsule shown in FIG. 6 and the power capsule shown in FIG. 7that are coupled to each other. The reference numerals are omitted fromFIG. 8 in efforts to avoid the complexity of the drawing.

The main capsule 10Ba comprises a housing 16A serving as an armor memberthat seals the interior thereof in a liquid-tight manner and variousmembers incorporated in the housing 16A.

The housing 16A is shaped like a capsule whose one end is made planar.Specifically, the housing 16A is shaped like a hollow hemisphere using arigid member made of, for example, a transparent resin. The housing 16Acomprises: a transparent window 16Aa that covers and protects the frontside of the capsular endoscope 10B and that transmits illuminationluminous flux emitted from the illuminating means 15 and luminous fluxincident on an image pickup optical system 11B; and a main body 16Abthat is shaped substantially like a cylinder, of which one end has anopening, using a rigid member made of, for example, a resin, that servesas a main portion of the housing 16A, and that externally covers andprotects various members incorporated therein.

In the housing 16A, as shown in FIG. 6, the image pickup optical system11B, the image pickup means 12, a circuit board 13 including a pluralityof substrates 13 a and 13 b, a flexible printed-circuit board 14, theilluminating means 15 including light emitting sources 15 a and a lightemitting source mounting substrate 15 b, the posture sensing means 18, apermanent magnet 22 a serving as coupling means, and a transformer 23 aare disposed at predetermined positions.

The image pickup optical system 11B selectively introduces one ofluminous fluxes (O1 and O2 in FIG. 6), which fall thereon in twopredetermined lateral directions relative to the longitudinal-axisdirection of the capsular endoscope 10B, into the light receivingsurface of the image pickup means 12.

The image pickup optical system 11B therefore comprises a first group oflenses 11 a and a second group of lenses 11 e that are opposed to eachother in order to introduce luminous fluxes which fall thereon in twodifferent directions, a third group of lenses 11 c located near thefront side of the light receiving surface of the image pickup means 12,and a reflecting mirror 11 d that receives one of the luminous fluxestransmitted by the first group of lenses 11 a and the second group oflenses 11 e and introduces the luminous flux to the third group oflenses 11 c.

The reflecting mirror 11 c is disposed to freely swivel in thedirections of arrows R within a predetermined range centered on aposition X shown in FIG. 6. In this case, the movable range of thereflecting mirror 11 c is a range defined between a position at whichthe reflecting mirror meets the ray axis O1 of the luminous fluxtransmitted by the first group of lenses 11 a at an angle ofsubstantially 45° and a position at which the reflecting mirror meetsthe ray axis O2 (indicated with a dashed line) of the luminous fluxtransmitted by the second group of lenses 11 e at an angle ofsubstantially 45°.

In the present embodiment, communicating means via which the capsularendoscope 10B communicates with an external controller (not shown) ismounted on the circuit board 13.

On the other hand, the power capsule 10Bb comprises a housing 16Acserving as an armor member that seals the interior thereof in aliquid-tight manner and various members incorporated in the housing16Ac.

The housing 16Ac is shaped substantially like the housing 16A of themain capsule 10Ba as a whole. The entire housing 16Ac is formed with arigid member made of a resin in the same manner as the main body 16Ab ofthe main capsule 10Ba is.

The housing 16Ac accommodates a source battery 19A including a pluralityof primary or secondary cells, a permanent magnet 22 b serving ascoupling means, and transformers 23 b.

The permanent magnet 22 b exhibits a polarity opposite to the polarityof the permanent magnet 22 a included in the main capsule 10Ba.Consequently, the main capsule 10Ba and power capsule 10Bb (housing 16Aband housing 16Ac) are coupled to each other as shown in FIG. 8 owing tomagnetic forces induced by the permanent magnet 22 a included in themain capsule 10Ba and the permanent magnet 22 b included in the powercapsule 10Bb.

Moreover, when the transformers 23 b are used in combination with thetransformers 23 a included in the main capsule 10Ba, power can be fed ina non-contact state.

Specifically, when the main capsule 10Ba and power capsule 10Bb arecoupled to each other as shown in FIG. 8, if the transformers areactuated, although the transformers do not come into contact with eachother, power is fed from the power capsule 10Bb to the main capsule10Ba.

The operation of the capsular endoscope 10B in accordance with thepresent embodiment having the foregoing components will be describedbelow.

When the capsular endoscope 10B is used for examination, a subject isfirst asked to gulp down the main capsule 10Ba and the power capsule10Bb separately. The main capsule and power capsule are coupled to eachother in a body cavity owing to the attractions of the permanent magnets22 a and 22 b.

When-the main capsule and power capsule are coupled to each other asshown in FIG. 8, the transformers 23 a and 23 b are actuated.Predetermined power is fed from the power capsule 10Bb to the maincapsule 10Ba, whereby the capsular endoscope 10B starts functioning.

The orientation of the reflecting mirror 11 d included in the imagepickup optical system 11B is controlled by the external controller (notshown). Consequently, an object located in one of two predeterminedlateral directions of the capsular endoscope 10B can be selectivelyobserved. In the state shown in FIG. 8, the reflecting mirror 11 d ispositioned in order to introduce luminous flux, which is transmitted bythe first group of lenses 11 a, to the image pickup means 12.

After examination is completed, the capsular endoscope 10B is evacuateddue to the peristalsis of each of the subject's intracavitary organs.

As described above, according to the third embodiment, the main capsule10Ba and power capsule 10Bb are formed separately from each other, andcoupled using the permanent magnets 22 a and 22 b. When the main capsuleand power capsule are coupled to each other, power is fed from the powercapsule 10Bb to the main capsule 10Ba.

Consequently, the unit size of each of the capsules can be reduced.

Moreover, even if the sizes of the capsules are increased, a subject cangulp down the capsules. The size of a capsular endoscope can beincreased without an increase in a load on the subject. This means thateach of the capsules can offer a large volume owing to the largervolume, for example, the main capsule 10Ba can accommodate a largernumber of members. Eventually, higher performance and a larger number ofcapabilities can be realized. Moreover, for example, the power capsule10Bb can accommodate a larger number of source cells. This contributesto extension of a use time. Furthermore, a different kind of sourcebattery, for example, a generation device composed of, for example, fuelcells but not of primary or secondary cells can be incorporated in thepower capsule.

According to the third embodiment, the permanent magnets 22 a and 22 bare adopted as the coupling means for coupling the main capsule 10Ba andpower capsule 10Bb. The coupling means is not limited to the permanentmagnets.

For example, at least one of the permanent magnets 22 a and 22 b may bereplaced with an electromagnet. In this case, when the externalcontroller is used to control the magnetic force of the electromagnet,the main capsule 10Ba and power capsule 10Bb can be uncoupled from eachother at any time. After the main capsule and power capsule are gulpeddown separately from each other, they are coupled to each other in orderto perform desired examination. Thereafter, the main capsule and powercapsule are uncoupled from each other. In this case, the capsules 10Baand 10Bb can be evacuated readily.

According to the third embodiment, the source battery is incorporated inthe power capsule 10Bb. Aside from the source battery, power receivingmeans for receiving power externally fed by radio may be included as itis included in the first embodiment. In this case, both the sourcebattery and power receiving means are used to adopt both the built-inpower method and externally power feeding method. Otherwise, one of themethods may be adopted.

According to the third embodiment, the image pickup optical system 11Bis designed so that an object located in one of two predeterminedlateral directions of the capsular endoscope 10B can be selectivelyobserved. Alternatively, the image pickup optical system may be designedso that a predetermined range defined in one of the lateral directionsof the capsular endoscope 10B or defined ahead of the capsular endoscope10B can be observed.

FIG. 9 schematically shows the structure of a main capsule included in acapsular endoscope in accordance with a variant of the third embodimentof the present invention.

The variant, as shown in FIG. 9, is different from the third embodimentin the optical elements of an image pickup optical system 11C that isone of the components of a main capsule 10Ca. Therefore, the componentsof the main capsule 10Ca other than the image pickup optical system 11Cand the components of the power capsule are identical to those of thethird embodiment. The illustration and description of the identicalcomponents will therefore be omitted.

The image pickup optical system 11C incorporated in the main capsule10Ca included in the capsular endoscope in accordance with the variantcomprises two groups of lenses that introduce luminous fluxes which fallthereon in two different directions, that is, a first group of lenses 11a and a second group of lenses 11 f, a third group of lenses 11 cdisposed near the front side of the light receiving surface of the imagepickup means 12, and a reflecting mirror 11 d that receives one of theluminous fluxes transmitted by the first group of lenses 11 a and secondgroup of lenses 11 f and introduces the luminous flux to the third groupof lenses 11 c as shown in FIG. 9.

The first group of lenses 11 a out of the two groups of lenses is,similarly to the one included in the third embodiment, located at aposition at which the first group of lenses can transmit luminous fluxfalling thereon in a predetermined one of the lateral directions of thecapsular endoscope, whereby a lateral field of view is ensured.Moreover, the second group of lenses 11 f is located at a position atwhich the second group of lenses can transmit luminous flux fallingthereon from ahead of the capsular endoscope, whereby a front field ofview is ensured.

The reflecting mirror 11 c is disposed so that it can freely swivel inthe directions of arrows R within a predetermined range centered on aposition X1 in FIG. 9. In this case, the movable range of the reflectingmirror 11 c is defined between a position (indicated with a solid linein FIG. 9) at which the reflecting mirror 11 c meets the ray axis O1 ofluminous flux, which has passed through the first group of lenses 11 a,at an angle of substantially 45° and a position (indicated with analternate long and two short dashes line in FIG. 9) at which thereflecting mirror recedes from luminous flux (ray axis O3) that haspassed through the second group of lenses 11 f. The other components andoperations thereof are substantially identical to those of the thirdembodiment.

As described above, even the variant provides the same advantages as thethird embodiment does. In addition, either of the front field of viewand the lateral field of view offered by the capsular endoscope can beselected for observation.

According to the present invention, it is apparent that a wide range ofdifferent embodiments can be constructed based on the invention withouta departure from the spirit and scope of the invention. The presentinvention will be limited to the appended Claims but not restricted toany specific embodiment.

1. A capsular endoscope having at least an image pickup optical system,illuminating means, image pickup means, and a circuit board, comprising:marking means for indwelling a marker member in a body cavity.
 2. Thecapsular endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the marking means ismeans for shooting a fluorescent substance.
 3. The capsular endoscopeaccording to claim 1, wherein the marking means is means for shooting asubstance opaque to X-rays.
 4. The capsular endoscope according to claim1, wherein the marking means is means for shooting a dye.
 5. Thecapsular endoscope according to claim 1, wherein the marking means ismeans for shooting a metallic member.
 6. A capsular endoscope having atleast an image pickup optical system, the illuminating means, the imagepickup means, and a circuit board, comprising: means for shooting anagent to an object in a body cavity.
 7. A capsular endoscope having atleast an image pickup optical system, the illuminating means, the imagepickup means, and a circuit board, comprising: an armor member capableof being divided into portions.